Production of alternative marine fuels in Brazil: An integrated assessment perspective

This study aims to provide an Integrated Assessment Model (IAM) perspective of the production and distribution alternative marine fuels in Brazilian ports, considering International Maritime Organization (IMO) emission reduction target for 2050 (IMO2050). Although other mitigation measures are available, it is likely that will be required, implying additional costs entailing relevant impacts on energy chains land use. Hence, national IAM BLUES model adapted represent part international shipping sector. A set scenarios developed different fuel alternatives, demand assumptions targets. Findings show taking into account emissions CO2 only or all greenhouse gases (GHGs) within IMO strategy significantly optimal technological portfolio. Furthermore, achieving IMO2050 goal without a decarbonization may result potential spillovers. The intense use sector could partially compromise gains obtained by maritime even surpass it. Therefore, integrated would lead more effective entire supply.